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High-resolution measurements of elemental mercury in surface.pdf 3,98MB
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1000 Titel
  • High-resolution measurements of elemental mercury in surface water for an improved quantitative understanding of the Baltic Sea as a source of atmospheric mercury
1000 Autor/in
  1. Kuss, Joachim |
  2. Krüger, Siegfried |
  3. Ruickold, Johann |
  4. Wlost, Klaus-Peter |
1000 Erscheinungsjahr 2018
1000 LeibnizOpen
1000 Publikationstyp
  1. Artikel |
1000 Online veröffentlicht
  • 2018-03-29
1000 Erschienen in
1000 Quellenangabe
  • 18(6):4361-4376
1000 FRL-Sammlung
1000 Copyrightjahr
  • 2018
1000 Lizenz
1000 Verlagsversion
  • https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4361-2018 |
1000 Ergänzendes Material
  • https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4361-2018-supplement |
1000 Publikationsstatus
1000 Begutachtungsstatus
1000 Sprache der Publikation
1000 Abstract/Summary
  • Marginal seas are directly subjected to anthropogenic and natural influences from land in addition to receiving inputs from the atmosphere and open ocean. Together these lead to pronounced gradients and strong dynamic changes. However, in the case of mercury emissions from these seas, estimates often fail to adequately account for the spatial and temporal variability of the elemental mercury concentration in surface water (Hg0wat). In this study, a method to measure Hg0wat at high resolution was devised and subsequently validated. The better-resolved Hg0wat dataset, consisting of about one measurement per nautical mile, yielded insight into the sea's small-scale variability and thus improved the quantification of the sea's Hg0 emission. This is important because global marine Hg0 emissions constitute a major source of atmospheric mercury. Research campaigns in the Baltic Sea were carried out between 2011 and 2015 during which Hg0 both in surface water and in ambient air were measured. For the former, two types of equilibrators were used. A membrane equilibrator enabled continuous equilibration and a bottle equilibrator assured that equilibrium was reached for validation. The measurements were combined with data obtained in the Baltic Sea in 2006 from a bottle equilibrator only. The Hg0 sea–air flux was newly calculated with the combined dataset based on current knowledge of the Hg0 Schmidt number, Henry's law constant, and a widely used gas exchange transfer velocity parameterization. By using a newly developed pump–CTD with increased pumping capability in the Hg0 equilibrator measurements, Hg0wat could also be characterized in deeper water layers. A process study carried out near the Swedish island Øland in August 2015 showed that the upwelling of Hg0-depleted water contributed to Hg0 emissions of the Baltic Sea. However, a delay of a few days after contact between the upwelled water and light was apparently necessary before the biotic and abiotic transformations of ionic to volatile Hg0 produced a distinct sea–air Hg0 concentration gradient. This study clearly showed spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in the Hg0 sea–air flux of the Baltic Sea. The average annual Hg0 emission was 0.90  ±  0.18Mg for the Baltic proper and extrapolated to 1.73  ±  0.32Mg for the entire Baltic Sea, which is about half the amount entrained by atmospheric deposition. A comparison of our results with the Hg0 sea–air fluxes determined in the Mediterranean Sea and in marginal seas in East Asia were to some extent similar but they partly differed in terms of the deviations in the amount and seasonality of the flux.
1000 Fächerklassifikation (DDC)
1000 Liste der Beteiligten
  1. https://frl.publisso.de/adhoc/creator/S3VzcywgSm9hY2hpbQ==|https://frl.publisso.de/adhoc/creator/S3LDvGdlciwgU2llZ2ZyaWVk|https://frl.publisso.de/adhoc/creator/UnVpY2tvbGQsIEpvaGFubg==|https://frl.publisso.de/adhoc/creator/V2xvc3QsIEtsYXVzLVBldGVy
1000 (Academic) Editor
1000 Label
1000 Förderer
  1. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
  2. Leibniz-Gemeinschaft |
1000 Fördernummer
  1. KU 2258/2-1/2
  2. -
1000 Förderprogramm
  1. -
  2. Open Access Fund
1000 Dateien
1000 Förderung
  1. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer KU 2258/2-1/2
  2. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer Leibniz-Gemeinschaft |
    1000 Förderprogramm Open Access Fund
    1000 Fördernummer -
1000 Objektart article
1000 Beschrieben durch
1000 @id frl:6408957.rdf
1000 Erstellt am 2018-07-20T08:44:05.044+0200
1000 Erstellt von 218
1000 beschreibt frl:6408957
1000 Bearbeitet von 218
1000 Zuletzt bearbeitet Tue Nov 24 11:59:53 CET 2020
1000 Objekt bearb. Tue Nov 24 11:59:52 CET 2020
1000 Vgl. frl:6408957
1000 Oai Id
  1. oai:frl.publisso.de:frl:6408957 |
1000 Sichtbarkeit Metadaten public
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