Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health

  1. Louro, Henriqueta ORCID logo
  2. Vettorazzi, Ariane ORCID logo
  3. Lopez de Cerain, Adela ORCID logo
  4. Spyropoulou, Anastasia ORCID logo
  5. Solhaug, Anita ORCID logo
  6. Straumfors, Anne ORCID logo
  7. Behr, Anne-Cathrin ORCID logo
  8. Mertens, Birgit ORCID logo
  9. Zegura, Bojana ORCID logo
  10. Fæste, Christiane Kruse ORCID logo
  11. Ndiaye, Dieynaba ORCID logo
  12. Spilioti, Eliana ORCID logo
  13. Varga, Elisabeth ORCID logo
  14. Dubreil, Estelle ORCID logo
  15. Borsos, Eszter ORCID logo
  16. Crudo, Francesco ORCID logo
  17. Eriksen, Gunnar Sundstøl ORCID logo
  18. Snapkov, Igor ORCID logo
  19. HENRI, Jerome ORCID logo
  20. Sanders, Julie ORCID logo
  21. Machera, Kyriaki ORCID logo
  22. Gaté, Laurent ORCID logo
  23. LE HEGARAT, Ludovic ORCID logo
  24. novak, matjaz ORCID logo
  25. Smith, Nicola ORCID logo
  26. Krapf, Solveig ORCID logo
  27. Hager, Sonja ORCID logo
  28. Fessard, Valerie ORCID logo
  29. Kohl, Yvonne ORCID logo
  30. Silva, Maria Joao ORCID logo
  31. Dirven, Hubert ORCID logo
  32. Dietrich, Jessica ORCID logo
  33. Marko, Doris ORCID logo

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1000 Titel
  • Hazard characterization of Alternaria toxins to identify data gaps and improve risk assessment for human health
1000 Autor/in
  1. Louro, Henriqueta |
  2. Vettorazzi, Ariane |
  3. Lopez de Cerain, Adela |
  4. Spyropoulou, Anastasia |
  5. Solhaug, Anita |
  6. Straumfors, Anne |
  7. Behr, Anne-Cathrin |
  8. Mertens, Birgit |
  9. Zegura, Bojana |
  10. Fæste, Christiane Kruse |
  11. Ndiaye, Dieynaba |
  12. Spilioti, Eliana |
  13. Varga, Elisabeth |
  14. Dubreil, Estelle |
  15. Borsos, Eszter |
  16. Crudo, Francesco |
  17. Eriksen, Gunnar Sundstøl |
  18. Snapkov, Igor |
  19. HENRI, Jerome |
  20. Sanders, Julie |
  21. Machera, Kyriaki |
  22. Gaté, Laurent |
  23. LE HEGARAT, Ludovic |
  24. novak, matjaz |
  25. Smith, Nicola |
  26. Krapf, Solveig |
  27. Hager, Sonja |
  28. Fessard, Valerie |
  29. Kohl, Yvonne |
  30. Silva, Maria Joao |
  31. Dirven, Hubert |
  32. Dietrich, Jessica |
  33. Marko, Doris |
1000 Verlag
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg
1000 Erscheinungsjahr 2023
1000 Publikationstyp
  1. Artikel |
1000 Online veröffentlicht
  • 2023-12-26
1000 Erschienen in
1000 Quellenangabe
  • 98(2):425-469
1000 Copyrightjahr
  • 2023
1000 Lizenz
1000 Verlagsversion
  • https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03636-8 |
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11402835/ |
1000 Publikationsstatus
1000 Begutachtungsstatus
1000 Sprache der Publikation
1000 Abstract/Summary
  • <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Fungi of the genus <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> are ubiquitous plant pathogens and saprophytes which are able to grow under varying temperature and moisture conditions as well as on a large range of substrates. A spectrum of structurally diverse secondary metabolites with toxic potential has been identified, but occurrence and relative proportion of the different metabolites in complex mixtures depend on strain, substrate, and growth conditions. This review compiles the available knowledge on hazard identification and characterization of <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> toxins. Alternariol (AOH), its monomethylether AME and the perylene quinones altertoxin I (ATX-I), ATX-II, ATX-III, alterperylenol (ALP), and stemphyltoxin III (STTX-III) showed in vitro genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Of all identified <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> toxins, the epoxide-bearing analogs ATX-II, ATX-III, and STTX-III show the highest cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potential in vitro<jats:italic>.</jats:italic> Under hormone-sensitive conditions, AOH and AME act as moderate xenoestrogens, but in silico modeling predicts further <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> toxins as potential estrogenic factors. Recent studies indicate also an immunosuppressive role of AOH and ATX-II; however, no data are available for the majority of <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> toxins. Overall, hazard characterization of <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> toxins focused, so far, primarily on the commercially available dibenzo-α-pyrones AOH and AME and tenuazonic acid (TeA). Limited data sets are available for altersetin (ALS), altenuene (ALT), and tentoxin (TEN). The occurrence and toxicological relevance of perylene quinone-based <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> toxins still remain to be fully elucidated. We identified data gaps on hazard identification and characterization crucial to improve risk assessment of <jats:italic>Alternaria</jats:italic> mycotoxins for consumers and occupationally exposed workers.</jats:p>
1000 Sacherschließung
lokal Endocrine disruption
lokal Food Contamination/analysis [MeSH]
lokal Tentoxin
lokal Exposure routes
lokal Mycotoxins/toxicity [MeSH]
lokal Alternariol
lokal Biotransformation
lokal Genotoxicity
lokal Risk Assessment [MeSH]
lokal Humans [MeSH]
lokal Tenuazonic acid
lokal Alternaria/metabolism [MeSH]
lokal Review Article
lokal Immunosuppression
lokal Mycotoxin
lokal Lactones/toxicity [MeSH]
lokal Altertoxin
lokal Mutagens/metabolism [MeSH]
lokal Mutagens/toxicity [MeSH]
lokal Perylene [MeSH]
lokal Altenuene
lokal Lactones/metabolism [MeSH]
lokal Toxicokinetics
lokal Mycotoxins/analysis [MeSH]
1000 Fächerklassifikation (DDC)
1000 Liste der Beteiligten
  1. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-7332|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9182-8417|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-1289|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-7740|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1908-406X|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-1671|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-6962|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-9104|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-0785|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-2882|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-4409|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-7466|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-3259|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-6578|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-6066|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4876-8057|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-3393|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5341-685X|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-077X|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-2984|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-3468|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-7390|https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-4109|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5713-2552|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5137-1384|https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8652-7544|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-1044|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9117|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-5441|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-0716|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7686-9947|https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-7929|https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-2944
1000 Hinweis
  • DeepGreen-ID: 3abf58fdcd3b4ac8bb00cb6f3e05245d ; metadata provieded by: DeepGreen (https://www.oa-deepgreen.de/api/v1/), LIVIVO search scope life sciences (http://z3950.zbmed.de:6210/livivo), Crossref Unified Resource API (https://api.crossref.org/swagger-ui/index.html), to.science.api (https://frl.publisso.de/), ZDB JSON-API (beta) (https://zeitschriftendatenbank.de/api/), lobid - Dateninfrastruktur für Bibliotheken (https://lobid.org/resources/search)
1000 Label
1000 Förderer
  1. European Commission |
  2. Universität Wien |
1000 Fördernummer
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  2. -
1000 Förderprogramm
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  2. -
1000 Dateien
1000 Förderung
  1. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer European Commission |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer -
  2. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer Universität Wien |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer -
1000 Objektart article
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1000 @id frl:6507332.rdf
1000 Erstellt am 2025-02-06T14:02:16.594+0100
1000 Erstellt von 322
1000 beschreibt frl:6507332
1000 Zuletzt bearbeitet 2025-07-30T11:19:11.304+0200
1000 Objekt bearb. Wed Jul 30 11:19:11 CEST 2025
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