Increase in mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic - The role of occupational and financial strains

  1. Dragano, Nico
  2. Reuter, Marvin
  3. Peters, Annette
  4. Engels, Miriam
  5. Schmidt, Börge
  6. Greiser, Karin Halina
  7. Bohn, Barbara
  8. Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.
  9. Karch, André
  10. Mikolajczyk, Rafael
  11. Krause, Gérard
  12. Lang, Olga
  13. Panreck, Leo
  14. Rietschel, Marcella
  15. Brenner, Hermann
  16. Fischer, Beate
  17. Franzke, Claus-Werner
  18. Gastell, Sylvia
  19. Holleczek, Bernd
  20. Jöckel, Karl-Heinz
  21. Kaaks, Rudolf
  22. Keil, Thomas
  23. Kluttig, Alexander
  24. Kuß, Oliver
  25. Legath, Nicole
  26. Leitzmann, Michael
  27. Lieb, Wolfgang
  28. Meinke-Franze, Claudia
  29. Michels, Karin B.
  30. Obi, Nadia
  31. Pischon, Tobias
  32. Feinkohl, Insa
  33. Rospleszcz, Susanne
  34. Schikowski, Tamara
  35. Schulze, Matthias B.
  36. Stang, Andreas
  37. Völzke, Henry
  38. Willich, Stefan N.
  39. Wirkner, Kerstin
  40. Zeeb, Hajo ORCID logo
  41. Ahrens, Wolfgang ORCID logo
  42. Berger, Klaus

WeightNameValue
1000 Titel
  • Increase in mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic - The role of occupational and financial strains
1000 Autor/in
  1. Dragano, Nico |
  2. Reuter, Marvin |
  3. Peters, Annette |
  4. Engels, Miriam |
  5. Schmidt, Börge |
  6. Greiser, Karin Halina |
  7. Bohn, Barbara |
  8. Riedel-Heller, Steffi G. |
  9. Karch, André |
  10. Mikolajczyk, Rafael |
  11. Krause, Gérard |
  12. Lang, Olga |
  13. Panreck, Leo |
  14. Rietschel, Marcella |
  15. Brenner, Hermann |
  16. Fischer, Beate |
  17. Franzke, Claus-Werner |
  18. Gastell, Sylvia |
  19. Holleczek, Bernd |
  20. Jöckel, Karl-Heinz |
  21. Kaaks, Rudolf |
  22. Keil, Thomas |
  23. Kluttig, Alexander |
  24. Kuß, Oliver |
  25. Legath, Nicole |
  26. Leitzmann, Michael |
  27. Lieb, Wolfgang |
  28. Meinke-Franze, Claudia |
  29. Michels, Karin B. |
  30. Obi, Nadia |
  31. Pischon, Tobias |
  32. Feinkohl, Insa |
  33. Rospleszcz, Susanne |
  34. Schikowski, Tamara |
  35. Schulze, Matthias B. |
  36. Stang, Andreas |
  37. Völzke, Henry |
  38. Willich, Stefan N. |
  39. Wirkner, Kerstin |
  40. Zeeb, Hajo |
  41. Ahrens, Wolfgang |
  42. Berger, Klaus |
1000 Erscheinungsjahr 2022
1000 LeibnizOpen
1000 Publikationstyp
  1. Artikel |
1000 Online veröffentlicht
  • 2022-03-18
1000 Erschienen in
1000 Quellenangabe
  • 119(11):179-187
1000 FRL-Sammlung
1000 Verlagsversion
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229580/ |
  • https://doi.org/10.3238%2Farztebl.m2022.0133 |
1000 Ergänzendes Material
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9229580/#sec-14title |
1000 Publikationsstatus
1000 Begutachtungsstatus
1000 Sprache der Publikation
1000 Abstract/Summary
  • BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported an increase in mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the exact reasons for this development are not well understood. In this study we investigate whether pandemic-related occupational and financial changes (e.g., reduced working hours, working from home, financial losses) were associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety compared with the situation before the pandemic. METHODS: We analyzed data from the German National Cohort (NAKO) Study. Between May and November 2020, 161 849 study participants answered questions on their mental state and social circumstances. Their responses were compared with data from the baseline survey before the pandemic (2014–2019). Linear fixed-effects models were used to determine whether individual changes in the severity of symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7) were associated with occupational/ financial changes (controlling for various covariates). RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate or severe symptoms of depression and anxiety increased by 2.4% and 1.5%, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding years. The mean severity of the symptoms rose slightly. A pronounced increase in symptoms was observed among those who became unemployed during the pandemic (+ 1.16 points on the depression scale, 95% confidence interval [0.91; 1.41], range 0–27). Increases were also seen for reduced working hours with no short-time allowance, increased working hours, working from home, insecurity regarding employment, and financial strain. The deterioration in mental health was largely statistically explained by the occupational and financial changes investigated in the model. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms and anxiety disorders increased slightly in the study population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational and financial difficulties were an essential contributory factor. These strains should be taken into account both in the care of individual patients and in the planning of targeted prevention measures.
1000 Fächerklassifikation (DDC)
1000 Liste der Beteiligten
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1000 Label
1000 Förderer
  1. Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung |
  2. The Federal States |
  3. Helmholtz Association |
  4. Leibniz-Gemeinschaft |
1000 Fördernummer
  1. 01ER1301A/B/C; 01ER1511D; 01KX2021
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  3. -
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1000 Förderprogramm
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  2. -
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1000 Förderung
  1. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer 01ER1301A/B/C; 01ER1511D; 01KX2021
  2. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer The Federal States |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer -
  3. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer Helmholtz Association |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer -
  4. 1000 joinedFunding-child
    1000 Förderer Leibniz-Gemeinschaft |
    1000 Förderprogramm -
    1000 Fördernummer -
1000 Objektart article
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1000 @id frl:6440116.rdf
1000 Erstellt am 2023-02-02T12:12:25.403+0100
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