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Abstract/Summary
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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
<jats:p><jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic>, also known as biting midges, carry pathogens which include <jats:italic>Mansonella perstans</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Mansonella perstans</jats:italic> is a nematode parasite implicated in a number of disease outcomes. Even though a high prevalence of about 75% <jats:italic>M. perstans</jats:italic> infection has been recorded in some communities in the middle belt of Ghana, and a wide diversity of <jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> species has been identified, the exact <jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> species transmitting <jats:italic>M. perstans</jats:italic> in Ghana has not yet been deciphered. This study therefore aimed at assessing the species diversity of <jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> and their role in the transmission of <jats:italic>M. perstans</jats:italic> in the middle belt of Ghana.</jats:p>
</jats:sec><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>
<jats:p><jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> species were sampled from 11 communities in the Asante-Akim North and Sene West districts in the middle belt of Ghana. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) UV light traps, as well as human bait (i.e. human landing catch and engorged catch) methods were used to assess the species abundance and diversity of <jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> in the study communities in the wet and dry season. A colorimetric Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay was performed to assess the vector competence of the various <jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> species.</jats:p>
</jats:sec><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>A total of 4810 <jats:italic>Culicoides</jats:italic> from 6 species were sampled. These included <jats:italic>Culicoides inornatipennis, C. milnei, C. schultzei, C. grahamii, C. neavei</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C. imicola. Culicoides imicola</jats:italic> was the most abundant species (56%) followed by <jats:italic>C. grahamii</jats:italic> (16%). Light traps sampled the most diverse species (6 species). Human landing catch and engorged catch methods identified three anthropophilic species, <jats:italic>C. grahamii, C. milnei</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>C. inornatipennis</jats:italic>, with <jats:italic>C. grahamii</jats:italic> being the most anthropophilic with a peak biting time between the hours of 5 p.m. to 6 p.m. Generally, there was relatively higher species abundance in the wet than dry season. LAMP assay identified <jats:italic>C. grahamii</jats:italic> as the potential vector for <jats:italic>M. perstans</jats:italic> transmission in the middle belt of Ghana.</jats:p>
</jats:sec><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>
<jats:p>For the first time, we have demonstrated that <jats:italic>C. grahamii</jats:italic> is the potential competent vector for <jats:italic>M. perstans</jats:italic> transmission in the middle belt of Ghana. It is more abundant in the rainy season and has a peak biting time between the hours of 5 and 6 p.m.</jats:p>
</jats:sec><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Graphical Abstract</jats:title>
</jats:sec>
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Hinweis
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DeepGreen-ID: 2345c94c841049b48df02e070beea65a ; metadata provieded by: DeepGreen (https://www.oa-deepgreen.de/api/v1/), LIVIVO search scope life sciences (http://z3950.zbmed.de:6210/livivo), Crossref Unified Resource API (https://api.crossref.org/swagger-ui/index.html), to.science.api (https://frl.publisso.de/), ZDB JSON-API (beta) (https://zeitschriftendatenbank.de/api/), lobid - Dateninfrastruktur für Bibliotheken (https://lobid.org/resources/search) ;
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